Lazer nos cursos de educação física do sertão da Paraíba: uma breve análise / Leisure in physical education courses in the sertão of Paraíba: a brief analysis

A crescente inserção dos profissionais de Educação Física no lazer reafirma as inúmeras possibilidades no mercado de trabalho, e a necessidade de uma formação que atenda a essas aspirações. Diante disso, a proposta investigada visa compreender como o lazer é tratado nos currículos dos cursos de Educação Física no sertão da Paraíba. Realizada a partir de buscas no e-Mec e plataformas digitais das instituições encontradas, a pesquisa se caracteriza como qualitativa e documental, sendo estabelecido as nomenclaturas "lazer" e "recreação" para a busca de conteúdos e disciplinas que contemplam a temática. No término do processo, foram encontradas treze instituições dispostas em nove cidades do sertão paraibano que certificam o caráter introdutório do lazer nos currículos de formação inicial, na oferta de poucas disciplinas e baixa carga horária.

The increasing insertion of Physical Education professionals in leisure reaffirms the numerous possibilities in the labor market, and the need for an education that meets these aspirations. Therefore, the investigated proposal aims to understand how leisure is dealt with in the curricula of Physical Education courses in the sertão of Paraíba. Conducted from searches in e-Mec and digital platforms of the institutions found, the research is characterized as qualitative and documentary, being established the nomenclatures "leisure" and "recreation" for the search for content and subjects that contemplate the theme. At the end of the process, thirteen institutions in nine cities in the sertão of Paraiba were found that certify the introductory nature of leisure in the initial training curricula, offering few subjects and low workload.

Therapeutic Nursing Education in Promoting Self-Management of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Integrative Literature Review.

Diabetes Mellitus Type I (DM1) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by the total destruction of the beta (ß) cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. This disease can strike people at any age, but it usually develops in children or young adults. Because of the high prevalence of DM1 in the young population, as well as all the difficulties in effective self-management in this population, with very specific characteristics, it is essential to develop therapeutic education interventions, with the aim of acquiring self-management skills. Thus, the main objective of this study is to identify the benefits of therapeutic nursing education interventions in promoting self-management of adolescents with DM1. For this, an Integrative Literature Review was carried out, using the EBSCOhost, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science platforms. Six articles were eligible. In terms of results, benefits were identified in the health of adolescents, with the use of therapeutic education interventions by nurses, including the control of capillary glycemia, better acceptance of the pathology, improvement in body mass index, increased adherence to the therapeutic regime, a reduction in hospitalizations and complications, contribution to bio-psycho-social well-being and improvement quality of life.

Anti-inflammatory agents as modulators of the inflammation in adipose tissue: A systematic review.

Obesity is characterized by an adipose tissue mass expansion that presents a risk to health, associated with a chronic increase in circulating inflammatory mediators. Anti-inflammatory agents are an obesity alternative treatment. However, the lack of effective agents indicates the need to assess the mechanisms and identify effective therapeutic targets. The present work identified and described the mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory agents in adipose tissue in experimental studies. The review was registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO-CRD42020182897). The articles' selection was according to eligibility criteria (PICOS). The research was performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, VHL, and EMBASE. The methodological quality evaluation was assessed using SYRCLE. Initially, 1511 articles were selected, and at the end of the assessment, 41 were eligible. Among the anti-inflammatory agent classes, eight drugs, 28 natural, and five synthetic compounds were identified. Many of these anti-inflammatory agents act in metabolic pathways that culminate in the inflammatory cytokines expression reduction, decreasing the macrophages infiltration in white and adipose tissue and promoting the polarization process of type M1 to M2 macrophages. Thus, the article clarifies and systematizes these anti-inflammatory agents' mechanisms in adipose tissue, presenting targets relevant to future research on these pathways.

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in the Elderly: The Perspective of Nursing Students.

Health promotion and disease prevention are closely linked to health literacy. Therefore, intervention to increase individuals' knowledge is essential if action is to be taken to promote a healthy lifestyle with support from health professionals for decision making on choices leading to behavioral change. Taking into account the growing aging population, nurses and nursing students have to develop interventions to promote health and prevent disease in these people, in order to keep them healthy and with quality of life. This study aims to understand how nursing students' experiences in a clinical teaching context contributed to the development of their competencies in the promotion of health and prevention of disease in the elderly. METHOD: Qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study carried out with ten students about to finish a graduate nursing course in a higher education institution in the South of Portugal. This study was carried out through narratives, one of the most common data collection procedures in social and health investigations. The content analysis technique, more specifically the thematic categorical analysis, was used for data analysis. The study received authorization from the Ethics Committee of the institution where it took place. RESULTS: Three categories were found: "Strategies to promote health and prevent disease in the elderly", "Health improvements from the implementation of the strategies to promote health and prevent disease in the elderly", and "The impact your participation in these strategies to promote health and prevent disease in the elderly had on your formative process". CONCLUSION: The students developed competencies during their clinical teaching experiences through the implementation of strategies of health promotion and disease prevention adapted to/focused on the needs of the elderly.

Análise das vivências de violência doméstica em mulheres evangélicas pentecostais e neopentecostais / Analysis of experiences of domestic violence in pentecostal and neo-pentecostal evangelical women / Análisis de experiencias de violencia doméstica en mujeres evangélicas pentecostales y neo-pentecostales

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as vivências de violência doméstica em mulheres evangélicas pentecostais e neopentecostais. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa de caráter analítico. Participaram seis mulheres evangélicas pentecostais e neopentecostais, maiores de 18 anos e que haviam sofrido violência doméstica perpetrada pelo parceiro e/ou ex-parceiro. Realizou-se entrevistas semidirigidas e analisadas em uma perspectiva materialista histórico-dialética a partir da Psicologia Sócio-histórica. Foram observadas vivência religiosas que legitimam o patriarcado e a dominação masculina, que contribuem para a manutenção dos relacionamentos violentos e para a não denúncia aos órgãos especializados, reforçando a passividade e a resolução de problemas a partir da oração. Percebeu-se, ainda, como desafio à superação da violência doméstica a ineficiência do Estado em efetivar políticas públicas de proteção às mulheres

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the experiences of domestic violence in Pentecostal and Neopentecostal evangelical women. Qualitative research of analytical character was carried out. Six Pentecostal and Neo-Pentecostal evangelical women, over 18 years of age and who had suffered domestic violence perpetrated by their partner and/or ex-partner participated. Semi-directed interviews were conducted and analyzed from a materialistic perspective dialectical from Socio-historical Psychology. Religious experiences were observed that legitimize patriarchy and male domination, which contribute to the maintenance of violent relationships and to the non-denunciation to specialized bodies, reinforcing passivity and problem solving from prayer. It was also perceived as a challenge to overcome domestic violence the inefficiency of the State in implementing public policies for the protection of women.

RESUMEN Este estudio tenía como objetivo analizar las experiencias de violencia doméstica en mujeres evangélicas pentecostales y neopentecostales. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa de carácter analítico. Participaron, seis mujeres evangélicas pentecostales y neo-pentecostales, mayores de 18 años y que habían sufrido violencia doméstica perpetrada por su pareja y/o expareja. Las entrevistas semidirigido se llevaron a cabo y analizaron desde una perspectiva materialista dialéctica de Psicología Socio-histórica. Se observaron experiencias religiosas que legitiman el patriarcado y la dominación masculina, que contribuyen manteniendo relaciones violentas y a la no denuncia a cuerpos especializados, reforzando la pasividad y la resolución de problemas por intermedio de la oración. También se percibió como un desafío superar la violencia doméstica la ineficiencia del Estado en la implementación de políticas públicas para la protección de las mujeres.

What are the mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory agents in adipose tissue?: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a disease characterized by the abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue in the body, triggering a chronic subclinical state of inflammation. Bioactive compounds, given their anti-inflammatory properties, are a safe and promising alternative in controlling the inflammatory condition of obesity. This study describes a systematic review protocol aiming to analyze the anti-inflammatory molecules mechanisms and compounds action on adipocytes. METHODS: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) will outline the protocol and PRISMA to the systematic review. The databases used for research will be PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS, and EMBASE. Experimental studies performed on rats and mice with a control group that describes treatment with anti-inflammatory agents (drugs, nutraceuticals, bio active compounds, among others) at any frequency, time, and dose will be included. Three independent reviewers will select studies and extract data. The evaluation of the methodological quality of each research will be performed using the SYRCLE tool. If at least 2 studies show clinical and/or methodological and/or statistical homogeneity, a meta-analysis will be performed, using the RevMan Analyzes statistical package in Review Manager v.5.3. RESULTS: In this study, we hope to find a considerable number of articles presenting mechanisms involved in the action of anti-inflammatory molecules and compounds on adipocytes. CONCLUSION: The systematic review produced from this protocol will present evidence on the mechanisms involved in the action of anti-inflammatory molecules and compounds in adipocytes. It will also contribute to developing new research and new insights about anti-inflammatory therapies with a future application view. RECORD OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: This review was registered with the International Register of Prospective Systematic Reviews on May 18, 2020 (registration: CRD42020182897). Available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020182897.

Práticas corporais de aventura como conteúdo nas aulas de Educação Física do IFPB / Adventure bodily practices as content in the IFPB Physical Education classrooms / Prácticas corporales de aventura como contenido en las aulas de Educación Física de la IFPB

Objetivou-se analisar a presença das Práticas Corporais de Aventura (PCA's) enquanto conteúdo nos planos de ensino da Educação Física no Instituto Federal da Paraíba ­ IFPB. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada na análise documental. Os dados foram compostos por meio de busca eletrônica em sites oficiais do IFPB que possibilitou analisar 129 planos da disciplina Educação Física. Os resultados apontam que as PCA's constituem conteúdo pouco ofertado nas aulas de Educação Física, visto que identificou-se a ausência deste conteúdo em alguns campi, a oferta do referido tema em apenas um momento do curso ou somente em séries iniciais, dispondo apenas dois campi com o conteúdo em quase todo o ensino médio. Conclui-se que as PCA's necessitam ser inseridas nos planos de ensino, uma vez que há inúmeras possibilidades de aplicação deste conteúdo. Sugere-se a realização de formações continuadas afim de ampliar as possibilidades de aplicabilidade destes conteúdos na escola.

The objective is to analyze the presence of adventure corporal practices (ACP's) as content in our physical education plans at the Federal Institute of Paraíba- IFPB. It is a qualitative research, based on documentary analysis. The data were composed by means of electronic searches on official IFPB websites that made it possible to analyze 129 plans of the discipline of physical education.  The results indicate that the (ACP's) constitute a little- offered contended in the physical education classrooms, in view of the fact that the absence of this contended in some college campus was identified. The offer of this topic in just one moment of the course or only in initial series, having only in two university camps with the content in almost the entire secondary education. It is concluded that the (ACP's) need to be included in the teaching plans, since there are innumerable possibilities of application of this content. It is suggested that continuous training should be carried out in order to expand the possibilities of applicability of this content in the school.

El objetivo es analizar la presencia de las practicas corporales de aventura (PCA's) como contenido en nuestro planes de enseñanza de educación física en el Instituto Federal da Paraíba ­ IFPB.  Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, basada en análisis documental. Los datos fueron compuestos por medio de búsquedas electrónicas en sitios web oficiales del IFPB que hizo posible analizar 129 planes de la disciplina de educación física.  Los resultados apuntan que las (PCA's) constituyen un contendió poco ofertado en las aulas de educación física, en vista que se identifico la ausencia de este contendió en algunos campos, la oferta del referido tema en apenas un momento del curso o solamente en series iniciales, disponiendo tan solo dos campos con el contenido en casi toda la enseñanza media. Se concluye que las (PCA's) necesitan ser incluidas en los planes de enseñanza, ya que existen innumerables posibilidades de aplicación de este contenido. Se sugiere la realización de formaciones continuas afín de ampliar las posibilidades de aplicabilidad de este contenido en la escuela.

Is rituximab effective for systemic sclerosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a clinically complex and challenging disease, that leads to skin fibrosis. Its most frequent complication is interstitial lung disease (ILD), which leads to a worse prognosis. In this situation, cyclophosphamide is considered the gold standard for its treatment, despite the controversies regarding its efficacy and toxicity. However, studies using rituximab (RTX) have shown that this drug may be a promising therapeutic option. OBJECTIVES: This paper objective was to analyze the scientific evidence on the RTX effects on SSc. METHODS: A systematic review (SR) was performed including clinical trials (CTs) on the use of RTX in SSc, published up to May 2020. The studies were identified through systematic searches in bibliographic databases using a predefined search strategy. The following databases were used: PUBMED, SCOPUS, SCIELO, LILACS, SCIENCE DIRECT, WEB OF SCIENCE, COCHRANE, WHOLIS, PAHO and EMBASE. Also, a manual search was performed. The methodological quality of the studies was determined using Jadad scale, Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2.0) and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies - of Interventions tool (ROBINS-I). A meta-analysis of the randomized CTs was performed, using Review Manager. RESULTS: Ten CTs were included in this SR. Of these, three were randomized and seven were non-randomized. Five showed a statistically significant improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC) at some time during follow-up. Regarding the skin, eight studies showed statistically significant improvements according toa the modified Rodnan skin score. The meta-analysis found positive effects of RTX in SSc, with a statistical significance for lung disease. CONCLUSION: Rituximab is a promising strategy for the SSc-associated ILD and cutaneous fibrosis treatment. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019132018.

Is rituximab effective for systemic sclerosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) Is a clinically complex and challenging disease, that leads to skin fibrosis. Its most frequent complication is interstitial lung disease (ILD), which leads to a worse prognosis. In this situation, cyclophosphamide is considered the gold standard for its treatment, despite the controversies regarding its efficacy and toxicity. However, studies using rituximab (RTX) have shown that this drug may be a promising therapeutic option. Objectives: This paper objective was to analyze the scientific evidence on the RTX effects on SSc. Methods: A systematic review (SR) was performed including clinical trials (CTs) on the use of RTX in SSc, published up to May 2020. The studies were identified through systematic searches in bibliographic databases using a predefined search strategy. The following databases were used: PUBMED, SCOPUS, SCIELO, LILACS, SCIENCE DIRECT, WEB OF SCIENCE, COCHRANE, WHOLIS, PAHO and EMBASE. Also, a manual search was performed. The methodological quality of the studies was determined using Jadad scale, Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2.0) and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies - of Interventions tool (ROBINS-I). A meta-analysis of the randomized CTs was performed, using Review Manager. Results: Ten CTs were included in this SR. Of these, three were randomized and seven were non-randomized. Five showed a statistically significant improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC) at some time during follow-up. Regarding the skin, eight studies showed statistically significant improvements according toa the modified Rodnan skin score. The meta-analysis found positive effects of RTX in SSc, with a statistical significance for lung disease. Conclusion: Rituximab is a promising strategy for the SSc-associated ILD and cutaneous fibrosis treatment. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019132018.(AU)

Media and scientific communication about the COVID-19 pandemic and the repercussions on the population's mental health: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Good communication strategies are essential in times of crisis, such as the coronavirus pandemic. The dissemination of inaccurate information and the need for social isolation to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have shown a negative impact on the population, causing damage to mental health, with the appearance or worsening of symptoms of stress, fear, anxiety, and depression. Thus, the systematic review study is intended to gather evidence on the impact of information about COVID-19 on the mental health of the population. METHODS: This systematic review protocol is conducted using the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses protocols and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The review aims to include published studies that address the exposure of the general population to information about COVID-19, through observational and experimental studies, which consider the following outcomes: fear, stress, anxiety, and depression. Thus, a comprehensive research strategy will be conducted in the following databases: PubMed / Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Science Direct, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Two independent reviewers will perform all procedures, such as study selection, data collection, and methodological evaluation. Disagreements will be forwarded to a third reviewer. RevMan 5.3 software will be used for data analysis. RESULTS: This systematic review will provide evidence of the influence of access to and consumption of media and scientific information about COVID-19 on the mental health of the population. It will consider information about the characterization of the study and the population studied, clinical and epidemiological information on mental health, and data on access to and consumption of media and scientific information. DISCUSSION: The results should inform about the consequences of communication about the new coronavirus on the emergence or worsening of psychological and psychiatric symptoms, allowing to develop strategies to achieve effective communication of information to promote the mental health of the population. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42020182918.

The Control and Prevention of COVID-19 Transmission in Children: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The pandemic following the rapid spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus has hit all continents and caused thousands of deaths worldwide. Evidence has been published on epidemiological and clinical characteristics of population groups considered at risk; however, information for the other population groups, especially for the child population, is needed. In this context, this protocol describes a systematic review that will aim to identify the evidence on control and prevention of COVID-19 transmission among children and adolescents, as well as to describe the epidemiological profile and clinical and immunological characteristics of COVID-19 in this population. METHODS: This protocol will be developed in accordance with PRISMA-P. The searches will be conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, and Scopus, seeking clinical trials. Observational studies and case reports with Children and adolescents (≤19 years) infected with SARS-CoV-2 will be included whether they report information on the control of prevention and COVID-19 transmission. Two independent researchers will perform the selection of articles, removal of duplication, and screening by Rayyan QCRI application. Cochrane's RoB 2.0, ROBINS-I, and CASP tools will be used to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analysis, subgroup analyses, and/or descriptive analyses will be carried out based on the data conditions included. RESULTS: A high-quality synthesis of the available evidences on the epidemiological profile, the clinical and immunological characteristics involved in children, and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19, as well as the participation of this population in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 will be provided. CONCLUSION: This systematic review has an important relevance in the current context because it has a great potential to help the development of new control and prevention strategies in the pediatric population. RECORD OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: CRD42020179263.

Effect of carotenoid encapsulation on antioxidant activities: A protocol for systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Carotenoids play essential roles in human health, such as antioxidant activity, and therefore can decrease free radicals oxidation action, preventing numerous diseases. However, these compounds have an unstable nature, turning them susceptible to adverse conditions in food processing and storage. Thereby the search for alternatives that maintain and enhance carotenoid antioxidant function, such as encapsulation, has grown. The objective of this study was to establish a systematic review protocol to evaluate the effect of different encapsulation techniques on the antioxidant action of carotenoids, evaluating which one is the best and safest, and their role in enhancing the antioxidant activity. METHODS: This protocol was guided by the preferred reporting items for protocols for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes. The databases to be searched are PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Experimental studies conducted in rats and mice (in vivo) of both sexes and ages, evaluating the use of encapsulated and crude carotenoids will be included in the systematic review. The characteristics of the studies, the experimental model, and the main results will be described, and the risk of bias assessment will be evaluated. Three independent reviewers will proceed with the selection of studies, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment. A narrative synthesis will be made for the included studies. Besides, if sufficient qualitative data is available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. I2 statistics will be used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS: This protocol will guide the production of a systematic review that can determine the effect of different encapsulation techniques and encapsulating agents on the antioxidant action of carotenoids. Thus, it will enable the determination of the best encapsulation techniques to promote the preservation and increase of the antioxidant activity, contributing to future research that may reproduce the best carotenoid encapsulation technique in an animal model. CONCLUSION: The systematic review to be produced from this protocol will provide support for the construction of research that evaluates the effect of encapsulation on the antioxidant function of carotenoids and its possible application as a nutraceutical, considering that this functionality is directly associated with health promotion. RECORD OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: This review was recorded in the International Register of Prospective Systematic Reviews on January 22, 2020 (registration: CRD42020142065). Available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020142065.

Nutritional supplementation of vitamin A and health-related outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune mediated disease which affects the central nervous system (CNS), having a substantial financial, functional, and quality of life (QOL) impact on these people. The vitamin A supplementation has been studied as a therapeutic possibility for in MS. Therefore, the objective of this protocol is to build an outline for a future systematic review, which will provide up-to-date available evidence about the clinical impact of nutritional supplementation of vitamin A in the outcomes related to the symptoms in patients with this pathology. METHODS: The search will be performed in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, cinahl, Scielo, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Science Direct, randomized clinical trials published until May 2019 that evaluate the relationship of the supplementation of vitamin A and health-related outcomes in patients with MS will be included. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) will be used to outline the protocol, and PRISMA to the systematic review. Undergraduate handbook of quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for decision making in health (GRADE) will be used to assess the quality of evidence and the strength of the recommendation, and the JADAD scale to assess the internal validity of selected studies. For the extraction of all the data found a database in Microsoft Excel will be created. For the summary of the findings the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook recommendations will be used, and for the meta-analysis standard statistical techniques the RevMan software will be used. RESULTS: In this study, we hope to find a considerable number of articles presenting evidence about the effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in patients with MS. CONCLUSION: Currently, many lines of evidence have been produced when it comes to the use of food supplements. This systematic review proposal might provide recent, important, and trusted information for better treatment of patients. RECORD OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: This review was recorded in the International Register of Prospective Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on the January 30, 2019 (registration: CRD42019121757). Available at: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019121757.

Ongoing training in the development of nursing teacher skills. / A formação contínua no desenvolvimento de competências do professor de enfermagem.

OBJECTIVE: To acknowledge the importance given to continuous training in the development of professor skills. METHOD: A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study involving fifteen (15) career professors, selected intentionally, from the scientific nursing area of two public higher education institutions in Portugal. Data were collected using the discussion groups technique and analyzed using the content analysis technique. This process was submitted to the evaluation of two experts, resulting in agreement coefficients, which offer guarantees regarding the inferences and the categorization process. RESULTS: The professional development of the professor arose (category), involving two indicators: learning and the professional knowledge and skills development. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained shows that continuous training is determinant in the professional development of these professors, through learning and professional knowledge and in the development of skills.

Vitamina A e sintomas da Esclerose Múltipla: revisão sistemática de estudos epidemiológicos e ensaios clínicos / Vitamin A and symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis: systematic review of epidemiological studies and clinical trials

Introdução: A esclerose múltipla (EM) é o distúrbio autoimune mais prevalente na atualidade e está associado à desmielinização dos neurônios no sistema nervoso central por meio da ativação do sistema imunológico. Estudos utilizando a vitamina A vêm se mostrando promissores na melhora da doença. Dessa forma, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo fornecer as melhores evidências disponíveis sobre o impacto clínico da vitamina A nos desfechos relacionados aos sintomas de pacientes portadores de EM. Métodos: Foi utilizado o formato de coletânea de artigos para a produção de dois artigos, sendo o primeiro um artigo de protocolo de revisão sistemática, usado como subsídio para a produção do segundo artigo, a revisão sistemática. Foram realizadas buscas no Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cinahl, Scielo, Web of science, Biblioteca cochrane e Science direct, de estudos que avaliassem a relação da suplementação de vitamina A e/ou concentrações séricas e os sintomas em pacientes portadores de EM. Para o delineamento da revisão sistemática foi utilizado o protocolo PRISMA. Para avaliar a qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi utilizada a escala JADAD para os ensaios clínicos randomizados e a Newcastle­Ottawa para os estudos observacionais. Para a extração de todos os dados encontrados foi criado um banco de dados no programa Microsoft Excel. Resultados: Na busca inicial encontramos 2053 estudos, e ao final das buscas foram selecionados 6 artigos elegíveis à pesquisa, sendo 2 Ensaios Clínicos Randomizados e 4 coortes. Dos seis estudos incluídos, dois utilizaram a suplementação de vitamina A e verificaram que a vitamina A é capaz de conter a progressão da doença nos membros superiores e as deficiências cognitivas, além de melhorar significativamente os escores de depressão, fadiga total e as três subescalas de fadiga (física, cognitiva e psicossocial). Os outros quatro estudos realizaram as dosagens das concentrações séricas da vitamina A e constataram que os níveis séricos de retinol não foram associados ao risco ou ao número de recidivas, nem ao agravamento da Escala de status Status de incapacidade Incapacidade expandida Expandida de Kurtzke. Porém, concentrações séricas elevadas de retinol foram associadas a menor da atividade da doença e foram capazes de predizer resultados de novas lesões por meio da ressonância magnética. Conclusão: as evidências identificadas no presente estudo permitem recomendar a suplementação de vitamina A como uma alternativa complementar ao tratamento da EM. Porém, novos ensaios clínicos controlados e bem realizados se fazem necessários para uma melhor definição da dosagem segura (AU).

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune disorder today and is associated with demyelination of neurons in the central nervous system through activation of the immune system. Studies using vitamin A have been promising to improve the disease. Thus, the present dissertation aims to provide the best available evidence on the clinical impact of vitamin A on the symptoms-related outcomes of patients with MS. Methods: The article collection format was used for the production of two articles. The first one was a systematic review protocol article, used as a subsidy for the production of the second article, the systematic review. We searched on Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cinahl, Scielo, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct for studies evaluating the relationship of vitamin A supplementation and/or serum concentrations and symptoms in MS patients. For the design of the systematic review the PRISMA protocol was used. To assess the methodological quality of the studies, the JADAD scale was used for randomized controlled trials and Newcastle-Ottawa for observational studies. To extract all the data found, a database was created in the Microsoft Excel program. Results: At the initial search we found 2053 studies, and at the end of the searches 6 articles were selected for the research (2 randomized clinical trials and 4 cohorts). Of the six studies included, two used vitamin A supplementation and found that vitamin A is capable of containing upper limb disease progression and cognitive impairment, as well as significantly improving depression, total fatigue, and all three subscales fatigue (physical, cognitive and psychosocial). The other four studies measured serum vitamin A concentrations and found it was not associated with risk or number of relapses or worsening of the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Expanded Disability Status Scale. However, elevated serum retinol concentrations were associated with lower disease activity and were able to predict results of new lesions by magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: evidence identified in this study allow to recommend supplementation of vitamin A as an additional alternative to the treatment of MS. However, new controlled clinical trials well done are needed to define safe dosing better (AU).

A formação contínua no desenvolvimento de competências do professor de enfermagem / La formación continua en el desarrollo de competencias del profesor de enfermería / Ongoing training in the development of nursing teacher skills

Resumo OBJETIVO Conhecer a importância atribuída à formação contínua no desenvolvimento de competências do professor. MÉTODO Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, envolvendo quinze (15) professores de carreira, da área científica de enfermagem, de duas instituições públicas de ensino superior em Portugal, selecionados intencionalmente. Os dados foram recolhidos utilizando a técnica dos grupos de discussão e foram analisados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Este processo foi submetido à avaliação de dois peritos, resultando coeficientes de concordância, que oferecem garantias em relação às inferências e processo de categorização. RESULTADOS Emergiu o desenvolvimento profissional do professor (categoria), envolvendo dois indicadores: a aprendizagem e conhecimento profissional e o desenvolvimento de competências. CONCLUSÕES Os dados obtidos permitem colocar em evidência que a formação contínua é determinante no desenvolvimento profissional destes professores, pela aprendizagem e conhecimento profissional e no desenvolvimento de competências.

Resumen OBJETIVO Conocer la importancia atribuida a la formación continua, en el desarrollo de la competencia formativa del docente. METODOLOGÍA Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, con una muestra de quince (15) profesores de carrera en el área de enfermería, de dos instituciones públicas de enseñanza superior en Portugal, escogidos intencionalmente. Se recolectaron los datos a través de la técnica de grupos de discusión y se analizaron mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. Este proceso se sometió a una validación de dos expertos, obteniéndose coeficientes de concordancia que proporcionan garantías sobre las inferencias y sobre el proceso de categorización. RESULTADOS Se hizo patente que el desarrollo profesional del profesor (categoría), comprende dos indicadores: el aprendizaje y conocimiento profesional, y el desarrollo de competencias. CONCLUSIONES Los datos obtenidos indican que la formación continua es determinante en el desarrollo profesional de estos profesores, por el aprendizaje y conocimiento profesional y por el desarrollo de competencias.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To acknowledge the importance given to continuous training in the development of professor skills. METHOD A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study involving fifteen (15) career professors, selected intentionally, from the scientific nursing area of two public higher education institutions in Portugal. Data were collected using the discussion groups technique and analyzed using the content analysis technique. This process was submitted to the evaluation of two experts, resulting in agreement coefficients, which offer guarantees regarding the inferences and the categorization process. RESULTS The professional development of the professor arose (category), involving two indicators: learning and the professional knowledge and skills development. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained shows that continuous training is determinant in the professional development of these professors, through learning and professional knowledge and in the development of skills.